Trends and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil / Tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the trend and spatial distribution of hepatitis B in pregnant women in Brazil. Methods: ecological study based on all notified cases of hepatitis B in pregnant women through the Information System for Notifiable Diseases - Sinan between 2009 and 2018. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) detection rates were calculated in all municipalities. Spatial analysis was performed using the Global Moran Index for global data and local indicators of spatial association (Lisa) for the 5,570 municipalities. For trend analysis by State, the Prais-Winsten generalized linear regression model was used. Results: 15,253 pregnant women with HBV were reported. High detection rates were observed in the municipalities of São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68.96/1000 live births (LB)), Araguaiana-MT (68.18/1000 LB), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT (80, 00/1,000 LB), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 LB), Porto Mauá-RS (111, 11/1000 LB), in the respective bienniums. Moran (I) (I=0.056) showed a positive spatial association. In Lisa, 78 municipalities were included in the high-high cluster, 51.28% in the South region and 48 in the low-low cluster with 72.91% in the Southeast. There was an increasing trend in Maranhão (p=0.004) and Pernambuco (p=0.007) and a decrease in Mato Grosso (p=0.012), Paraná (p=0.031) and Santa Catarina (p=0.008). Conclusion: the detection of hepatitis B in pregnant women was observed in most Brazilian municipalities, with an increasing trend in two states and a decrease in three others.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a tendência e distribuição espacial da hepatite B em gestantes no Brasil. Métodos: estudo ecológico a partir de todos os casos notificados de hepatite B em gestantes pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação - Sinan entre 2009 e 2018. Foram calculadas as taxas de detecção do vírus da hepatite B (HBV) em todos os municípios. A análise espacial foi realizada por meio do Índice Global de Moran para os dados globais e os indicadores locais de associação espacial (Lisa) para os 5.570 municípios. Para análise de tendências por Estado, utilizou-se o modelo de regressão linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: foram notificadas 15.253 gestantes com HBV. Observou-se altas taxas de detecção nos municípios de São Miguel da Boa Vista-SC (68,96/1000 Nascidos vivos (NV)), Araguaiana-MT (68,18/1000 NV), Reserva do Cabaçal-MT(80,00/1.000 NV), São Geraldo da Piedade-MG (75/1000 NV), Porto Mauá-RS (111,11/1000 NV), nos respectivos biênios. Moran (I) (I=0,056) apresentou associação espacial positiva. No Lisa observou-se 78 municípios inserido no cluster alto-alto, sendo 51,28%na região Sul e 48 no cluster baixo-baixo com 72,91% no Sudeste. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Maranhão (p=0,004) e Pernambuco (p=0,007) e diminuição no Mato Grosso (p=0,012), Paraná (p=0,031) e Santa Catarina (p=0,008). Conclusão: Observou-se a detecção de hepatite B em gestantes na maioria dos municípios brasileiros, com tendência crescente em dois estados e diminuição em outros três.

Perfil dos casos de lesões por esforços repetitivos/distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho notificados na região nordeste do brasil, 2010 a 2019 / Profile of cases of repetitive stress injuries/work-related musculoskeletaldisorders reported in the Northeast Region of Brazil, 2010 to 2019 / Perfil de los casos de lesiones por esfuerzos repetitivos/trastornos musculoesqueléticos relacionadoscon el trabajo notificados en la Región Noreste de Brasil, 2010 a 2019

Introdução:AsLesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalho representam um problema de saúde que acomete várias categorias de trabalhadores e apresentam relação com a organização do trabalho, o ambiente do trabalho, condições ambientais e fatores biopsicossociais. Objetivo:descrever os casos notificados de Lesões por Esforços Repetitivos/Distúrbios Osteomusculares Relacionados ao Trabalhona Região Nordeste do Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2019.Metodologia:estudo descritivo, ecológico, de abordagem quantitativa, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações. Utilizou-se o software Statistical Package for Social Science versão 20 para a análise estatística descritiva e o software Qgisversão 3.10.7para a análise espacial. Resultados:A amostra foi composta por 14.484 notificações. Evidenciou-se que os estados da Bahia (42,0%) e Pernambuco (21,9%) foram os maiores notificadores. Verificou-se que os municípios de Salvador (15,2%) e Recife (11,5%) tiveram maior ocorrência de casos.Observou-se que a distribuição espacial dos casos deste agravoentre os municípios é desigual e concentrada. Os trabalhadores mais acometidos foram mulheres(59,6%); comfaixa etária dos 21 aos 40 anos (50,8%);comraça/cor preto/pardo (58,3%); e comensino médio completo (42,0%). Houve predomínio daocupação de alimentador de linha de produção (4,8%), trabalho formal(74,6%), sintoma de dor (91,9%)e diagnóstico delesões do ombro (31,7%). A maioria dos trabalhadores relatou afastamento do trabalho para o tratamento(65,3%), limitação e incapacidade para o exercício das tarefas (82,9%), movimentos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidadetemporária (66,1%).Conclusões:O Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificaçõesrepresenta um importante instrumento para caracterizar a saúde do trabalhador, mas observa-se a necessidade de melhores registros para favorecer a qualidade dos dados. Estudos neste sentido são necessários para subsidiar mais ações de vigilância e prevenção deste agravo (AU).

Introduction: Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders represent a health problem that affects several categories of workers and are related to work organization, work environment, environmental conditions and biopsychosocial factors. Objective: to describe the reported cases of Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Northeast Region of Brazil (2010 ­2019).Methodology: descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with secondary data from the Information System for Notifications of Diseases. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 20 was used for the descriptive statistical analysis and the Qgis software version 3.10.7 for the spatial analysis. Results:The sample consisted of 14,484 notifications. Brazilian states as Bahia 42,0% and Pernambuco 21.9% registered more notifications. Moreover, municipalitiesas Salvador 15,2% and Recife 11,5% registered more cases. It was observed that the spatial distribution of cases of this condition among municipalities is uneven and concentrated. The most affected workers were women (59.6%); aged between 21 and 40 years (50.8%), with black/brown race/color (58.3%) and with complete secondary education (42.0%). There was a predominance of the occupation of production line feeder (4.8%), formal work (74.6%), pain symptom (91.9%) anddiagnosis of shoulder injuries (31.7%). Most workers reported absence from work for treatment (65.3%), limitation and inability to perform tasks (82.9%), performing repetitive movements (88.3%) and temporary disability (66.1 %). Conclusions: System for Notifications of Diseases represents an important instrument to characterize the health of workers, but there is a need for better records to favor data quality. Studies in this sense are needed to support more surveillance and prevention actions for this condition (AU).

Introducción:Las Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo representan un problema de salud que atacan a varios trabajadores y están relacionados con:organización del trabajo, ambiente laboral, condiciones ambientales y factores biopsicosociales. Objetivo: describir los casos notificados de Lesiones por Esfuerzos Repetitivos/Disturbios Osteomusculares Relacionados al Trabajo en la Región Noreste de Brasil(2010 ­2019). Metodología: estudio descriptivo, ecológico,de abordaje cuantitativo, con datos secundarios del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones. Se utilizó el software Statistical Package for Social Science v.20 para el análisis estadístico descriptivo y el software Qgis v.3.10.7 para el análisis espacial. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 14.484 notificaciones. Los estados con más notificadores fueron Bahía, 42,0% yPernambuco 21.9%. Losmunicipios con más casos fueron Salvador 15,2% y Recife 11,5%.Se observó que la distribución espacial de los casos de este agravio entre los municipios es desigual y concentrada. Los trabajadores que más sufrieron fueron las mujeres(59,6%);rango de edad de 21 a 40 años (50,8%), raza/color negro/mestizo (58,3%) y escolaridad completa (42,0%). Se destacan la ocupación de alimentador de línea de producción (4,8%), trabajo formal (74,6%), síntomas del dolor (91,9%) y diagnóstico de lesiones en el hombro(31,7%). La mayoría de los trabajadores relató licencia médica por tratamiento (65,3%), limitación e incapacidad para el ejercicio de tareas (82,9%), realización de movimientos repetitivos (88,3%) e incapacidad temporal (66,1%). Conclusiones: el Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificaciones representa un importante instrumento para caracterizar la salud del trabajador, sin embargo, se observa la necesidad de mejores registros para favorecer la calidad de los datos. Son necesarios estudios en este campo para subsidiar más acciones de vigilancia y prevención a esta problemática (AU).

Regime de Informação e tipologia documental no âmbito dos serviços de saúde: noções aplicadas à gestão da informação em hospitais federais do estado do Rio de Janeiro / Information Regime and documental typology in the field of health services: notions applied to information management in federal hospitals in the state of Rio de Janeiro / Régimen de Información y tipología documental en el ámbito de los servicios de salud: nociones aplicadas a la gestión de la información en los hospitales federales del estado de Río de Janeiro

Aborda a tipologia documental em sistemas de informação digitais, compreendendo-a como metadado essencial na estrutura de transferência da informação entre serviços, sistemas e redes de atenção e inovação à saúde. Por meio de pesquisa de campo com gestores de dois hospitais federais do Rio de Janeiro, realiza prospecção e análise da gestão de sistemas de informação digitais em saúde. Os resultados revelaram que o emprego do conceito de Regime de Informação e de seus componentes analíticos permite-nos obter uma visão dos recursos informacionais, tecnológicos, humanos e normativos do sistema nacional de saúde, que integram o Sistema Único de Saúde. Destaca a tipologia documental como um dos elementos constituintes dos sistemas de informação nos serviços dos hospitais, cujas interconexões e articulações expressam os aspectos seletivos e decisórios das práticas e ações de informação

It addresses the document typology in digital information systems, understanding it as essential metadata in the structure of information transfer between attention and innovation health services, systems and networks. Through field research with managers of two federal hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, it prospects and analyzes the management of digital health information systems. The results revealed that the use of the concept of Information System and of its analytical components allows us to obtain a vision of the informational, technological, human and normative resources of the national health system, which are part of the Unified Health System. It highlights the documentary typology as one of the constituent elements of information systems in hospital services, whose interconnections and articulations express the selective and decision-making aspects of information practices and actions

Aborda como objeto la tipología documental en los sistemas de información digital, entendiéndola como un metadato esencial en la estructura de transferencia de información entre servicios, sistemas y redes de atención e innovación en salud. A través de una investigación de campo con gerentes de dos hospitales federales de Río de Janeiro, prospecta y analiza la gestión de los sistemas digitales de información en salud. Los resultados revelaran que la utilización del concepto de Régimen de Información y de sus componen-tes analíticos permítenos obtener una visión de los recursos informacionales, tecnológicos, humanos y normativos del sistema nacional de salud, que integram el Sistema Único de Salud. Destaca la tipología documental como uno de los elementos constitutivos de los sistemas de información cuyas interconexiones y articulaciones expresan los aspectos selectivos y decisorios de las prácticas y acciones informativas reali-zadas en este dominio

Sobrepeso y obesidad en adultos: aportes de un análisis geoespacial

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis geoespacial del comportamiENTo de sobrepeso y obesidad basado en la "Encuesta Nacional de Situación Nutricional" de 2015. Metodología: Se aplica un modelo de análisis geoespacial de distribución espacial trasversal a partir de la Encuesta, a escala departamENTal. Para lograrlo, se calculan las prevalencias de sobrepeso, obesidad clase i, ii y iii según el índice de masa corporal y la obesidad abdominal en mujeres y hombres de acuerdo con la circunferencia de cintura. Se utilizan herramiENTas de sistemas de información geográfica, como el índice de Moran Global, el índice local de autocorrelación espacial (lisa) y el G* Getis Ord, para determinar los patrones de agrupaciones altas y bajas prevalencias. Resultados: Los conglomerados locales ilustrados en los mapas demuestran que sus residuales están distribuidos normalmENTe en el espacio. Se observa una aleatoriedad en el modelo de la autocorrelación espacial. Las agrupaciones de lisa alta-alta se presENTan en diez departamENTos con estas condiciones (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó y Cundinamarca). Según el índice de masa corporal, el 38,5 por cada 100 habitantes tienen sobrepeso; el 20,9 por cada 100 habitantes presENTa obesidad, y según la circunferencia de cintura, 53,2 por cada 100 habitantes tiene obesidad abdominal. Conclusiones: La distribución espacial del sobrepeso y la obesidad puede estar condicionada con variables sociodemográficas tratadas en el estudio. El país tiene el reto de continuar implemENTando acciones poblacionales en salud pública para disminuir estas condiciones.

Objective: To carry out a geospatial analysis of the behavior of overweight and obesity based on the "National Survey of Nutritional Situation" of 2015. Methodology: A geospatial analysis model of transversal spatial distribution is applied from the Survey, on a departmENTal scale. To achieve this, the prevalence of overweight, class I, II and III obesity according to body mass index and abdominal obesity in women and men according to waist circumference are calculated. Geographic information system tools, such as the Global Moran Index, Local Spatial Autocorrelation Index (LISA), and G* Getis Ord, are used to determine patterns of high clustering and low prevalence. Results: The local clusters illustrated on the maps demonstrate that their residuals are normally distributed in space. A randomness is observed in the spatial autocorrelation model. High-high LISA clusters occur in ten departmENTs with these conditions (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlántico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó and Cundinamarca). According to the body mass index, 38.5 per 100 inhabitants are overweight; 20.9 per 100 inhabitants are obese, and according to waist circumference, 53.2 per 100 inhabitants have abdominal obesity. Conclusions: The spatial distribution of overweight and obesity may be conditioned by the sociodemographic variables treated in the study. The country has the challenge of continuing to implemENT population actions in public health to reduce these conditions.

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise geoespacial do comportamENTo do sobrepeso e da obesidade com base na "Pesquisa Nacional de Situação Nutricional" de 2015. Metodologia: Aplica-se um modelo de análise geoespacial de distribuição espacial transversal da Pesquisa, em escala departamENTal. Para isso, calcula-se a prevalência de sobrepeso, obesidade graus I, II e III segundo o índice de massa corporal e obesidade abdominal em mulheres e homens segundo a circunferência da cintura. As ferramENTas do sistema de informações geográficas, como o Índice de Moran Global, o Índice de Autocorrelação Espacial Local (Smooth) e o G* Getis Ord, são usadas para determinar padrões de alto agrupamENTo e baixa prevalência. Resultados: Os clusters locais ilustrados nos mapas demonstram que seus resíduos são normalmENTe distribuídos no espaço. Uma aleatoriedade é observada no modelo de autocorrelação espacial. Grupos de tainhas alto-alto ocorrem em dez departamENTos com essas condições (La Guajira, Magdalena, Atlântico, Sucre, Cesar, Norte de Santander, Córdoba, Antioquia, Chocó e Cundinamarca). De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 38,5 por 100 habitantes estão acima do peso; 20,9 por 100 habitantes são obesos e, segundo a circunferência da cintura, 53,2 por 100 habitantes têm obesidade abdominal. Conclusões: A distribuição espacial do sobrepeso e da obesidade pode estar condicionada pelas variáveis sociodemográficas tratadas no estudo. O país tem o desafio de continuar implemENTando ações populacionais em saúde pública para reduzir esses agravos.

Costing analysis of an information & communications technology-enabled primary healthcare facility in India

Background & objectives: Information and communications technology (ICT) has often been endorsed as an effective tool to improve primary healthcare. However, evidence on the cost of ICT-enabled primary health centre (PHC) is lacking. The present study aimed at estimating the costs for customization and implementation of an integrated health information system for primary healthcare at a public sector urban primary healthcare facility in Chandigarh. Methods: We undertook economic costing of an ICT-enabled PHC based on health system perspective and bottom-up costing. All the resources used for the provision of ICT-enabled PHC, capital and recurrent, were identified, measured and valued. The capital items were annualized over their estimated life using a discount rate of 3 per cent. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of parameter uncertainties. Finally, we assessed the cost of scaling up ICT-enabled PHC at the state level. Results: The estimated overall annual cost of delivering health services through PHC in the public sector was ? 7.88 million. The additional economic cost of ICT was ? 1.39 million i.e. 17.7 per cent over and above a non-ICT PHC cost. In a PHC with ICT, the cost per capita increased by ? 56. On scaling up to the state level (with 400 PHCs), the economic cost of ICT was estimated to be ? 0.47 million per year per PHC, which equates to approximately six per cent expenditure over and above the economic cost of a regular PHC. Interpretation & conclusions: Implementing a model of information technology-PHC in a state of India would require an augmentation of cost by about six per cent, which seems fiscally sustainable. However, contextual factors related to the availability of infrastructure, human resources and medical supplies for delivering quality PHC services will also need to be considered.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Care of Women Experiencing Abortion in a University Hospital in Brazil / O Impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 no atendimento de mulheres que vivenciam o aborto em um hospital universitário no Brasil

Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the care of patients with miscarriage and legal termination of pregnancy in a university hospital in Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study of women admitted for abortion due to any cause at Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti of Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil, between July 2017 and September 2021. Dependent variables were abortion-related complications and legal interruption of pregnancy. Independent variables were prepandemic period (until February 2020) and pandemic period (from March 2020). The Cochran-Armitage test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney test, and multiple logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results Five-hundred sixty-one women were included, 376 during the prepandemic period and 185 in the pandemic period. Most patients during pandemic were single, without comorbidities, had unplanned pregnancy, and chose to initiate contraceptive method after hospital discharge. There was no significant tendency toward changes in the number of legal interruptions or complications. Complications were associated to failure of the contraceptive method (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-4.84), gestational age (OR 1.126; 95% CI 1.039-1.219), and preparation of the uterine cervix with misoprostol (OR 1.99; 95% CI 1.01-3.96). Conclusion There were no significant differences in duration of symptoms, transportation to the hospital, or tendency of reducing the number of legal abortions and increasing complications. The patients' profile probably reflects the impact of the pandemic on family planning.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da pandemia de coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) no atendimento de pacientes com aborto espontâneo e interrupção legal da gravidez em um hospital universitário no Brasil. Métodos Estudo transversal com mulheres admitidas por aborto por qualquer causa no Hospital da Mulher Prof. Dr. J. A. Pinotti da Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brasil, entre julho de 2017 e setembro de 2021. As variáveis dependentes foram complicações relacionadas ao aborto e interrupção legal da gravidez. As variáveis independentes foram período pré-pandemia (até fevereiro de 2020) e período pandêmico (a partir de março de 2020). O teste de Cochran-Armitage, teste do qui-quadrado, teste de Mann-Whitney e regressão logística múltipla foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados Foram incluídas 561 mulheres, 376 no período pré-pandemia e 185 no período pandêmico. A maioria das pacientes durante a pandemia era solteira, sem comorbidades, teve gravidez não planejada e optou por iniciar método anticoncepcional após a alta hospitalar. Não houve tendência significativa para mudanças no número de interrupções legais ou complicações. As complicações foram associadas a: falha do método contraceptivo (razão de chances [RC] 2,44; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% 1,23-4,84), idade gestacional (RC 1,126; IC 95% 1,039-1,219) e preparo do colo uterino com misoprostol (RC 1,99; IC 95% 1,01-3,96). Conclusão Não houve diferenças significativas na duração dos sintomas, transporte ao hospital ou tendência de redução do número de abortos legais e aumento de complicações. O perfil das pacientes provavelmente reflete o impacto da pandemia no planejamento familiar.

Mortalidade por agressões em um estado da região norte do brasil de 2000 a 2019: tendência em séries temporais / Mortality due to assaults between 2000 and 2019 in a state from the brazilian north region: trend in time series / Mortalidad por agresiones en un estado de la región norte de brasil entre 2000 y 2019: tendencia en series temporales

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a tendência temporal de mortalidade por agressões no Estado do Acre, de acordo com o sexo. Método: estudo ecológico de análise de série temporal com dados extraídos do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade correspondentes às mortes provocadas por agressões (CID X85-Y09), ocorridos no estado do Acre - Brasil, de 2000 a 2019. A análise dos dados foi realizada utilizando o modelo de análise linear generalizada de Prais-Winsten com nível de significância estatística de 5%. Resultados: houve maior mortalidade por causas externas em indivíduos adultos do sexo masculino. Foi observada uma tendência crescente dos homicídios para o sexo masculino com variação percentual anual de 3,13%, p=0,002 e para ambos os sexos de 2,92%, p=0,003. Conclusão: essas informações apontam a necessidade emergente de combate e prevenção das violências. Destaca-se a importância do profissional de enfermagem na mobilização social e participação na reformulação de políticas públicas de combate a violência.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the time trend of mortality due to assaults in the state of Acre, according to gender. Method: an ecological study of time series analysis with data extracted from the Mortality Information System for Deaths Caused by Assaults (ICD X85-Y09) in the state of Acre, Brazil, from 2000 to 2019. Data analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten generalized linear analysis model with a 5% statistical significance level. Results: there was higher mortality due to external causes in male adults. A growing trend of homicides was observed for the male gender, with an annual percent change of 3.13% (p=0.002); for both genders, the annual percent change was 2.92% (p=0.003). Conclusion: these findings indicate the emerging need to fight against and prevent acts of violence. The importance of Nursing professionals in social mobilization and participation in the reformulation of public policies to combat violence is emphasized.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la tendencia temporal de la mortalidad por agresiones en el Estado de Acre, según el sexo. Método: estudio ecológico de análisis de series temporales con datos extraídos del Sistema de Información de Mortalidad correspondientes a las muertes causadas por agresión (CIE X85 a Y09), ocurridas en el estado de Acre, Brasil, de 2000 a 2019. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando el Modelo de análisis lineal generalizado de Prais-Winsten con un nivel de significación estadística del 5%. Resultados: hubo mayor mortalidad por causas externas en los adultos del sexo masculino. Se observó una tendencia creciente en los homicidios en el sexo masculino con una variación porcentual anual del 3,13% (p=0,002) y en ambos sexos del 2,92% (p=0,003). Conclusión: Esta información indica que hay una necesidad emergente de combatir y prevenir la violencia. Se destaca la importancia del profesional de enfermería en la movilización social y participación en la reformulación de políticas públicas contra la violencia.

Association of community built environment with obesity among elderly residents / 环境与职业医学

Background In the context of improving urban environment for healthy aging, it is necessary to rationally plan and provide community living space and public service facilities suitable for the elderly, and constantly optimize the built environment towards an age-friendly city. Objective To understand the relationship between community built environment and obesity in the elderly in Longgang City, and to provide a reference basis for improving the health of the elderly. Methods Elderly adults aged 60-90 years (n=6527) who completed a physical examination during the period from October 2020 to January 2021 in Longgang City were surveyed, and data on height and weight, waist circumference (WC), and other sociological demographic characteristics were obtained. Overweight was determined by 24 kg·m−2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) < 28 kg·m−2 and obesity by BMI ≥ 28 kg·m−2. Men with WC ≥ 85 cm and women with WC ≥ 80 cm were considered central obesity. Based on the participants' residential addresses, geocoding was performed using a geographic information system, and built environment indicators such as restaurants, convenience stores, and basic medical facilities were obtained using Gaode Map. A binary logistic regression model with adjusted individual-level covariates was used to evaluate the relationship between obesity and built environment indicators among elderly adults by gender and age. Results Among the 6527 community elderly, 46.93% were male and 53.07% were female, with a mean age of (73.69±0.07) years, a mean BMI of (24.32±2.84) kg·m−2, and 51.92% of the elderly were overweight or obese. The regression results showed that for elderly men, the more convenience stores and the higher mixed land use in residential areas, the higher risk of central obesity; however, the increases in street connectivity and accessibility to parks and recreational areas were associated a decreased risk of central obesity. The prevalence of overweight/obesity was higher among elderly women with more convenience stores in residential areas, while increased street connectivity was associated with a lower prevalence of central obesity among elderly women. Accessibility to primary health care facilities was negatively associated with the risk of central obesity among the 60- to 70-year-olds. For elderly residents aged 71−80 years, higher mixed land use and better accessibility to transit stations were associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, while street connectivity was negatively associated with the central obesity. Proximity to parks and recreational areas was associated with a reduced risk of overweight/obesity among the 81- to 90-year-olds. Conclusion Among the variables of a 500-m neighborhood built environment, the number of convenience stores, mixed land use, street connectivity, accessibility to primary health care facilities, accessibility to public transit stations, and accessibility to parks and recreational areas are correlated with obesity among elderly residents, and the degree of influence varies by gender and age.

Countermeasures for the construction of occupational health information standard system / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

As an important part of health information standard system, occupational health information standard system is the foundation and guarantee of promoting the construction of occupational health information. This article is based on the literature research about current situation of domestic and foreign health information standards and occupational health information standard system, thus take "the National Health Information Standardization System" and "the National Public Health Information Construction Standards and Norms" into account, focus on the requirements of occupational health information construction and related work. Thus, put forward suggestions on the construction of occupational health information standard system, to accelerate the occupational health information construction, data collection, transmission and application.

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium leprae in the state of São Paulo, an area of low-leprosy incidence in Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Brazil has the second largest number of leprosy cases worldwide, and the state of São Paulo has been considered non-endemic since 2006. Methods: We analyzed 16 variable number tandem repeats loci and three single nucleotide polymorphisms loci of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) in 125 clinical isolates from patients in different municipalities in the state. Results: The clustering pattern of M. leprae indicated that the transmission of leprosy persisted in the state and included scenarios of intra-extra-familial transmission in areas with low endemicity. Conclusions: A significantly active circulation of M. leprae was observed. Therefore, surveillance and control measures must be implemented.

Avaliação da completude dos dados do sistema de informação sobre nascidos vivos de imigrantes e brasileiros no estado do Paraná, 2014-2019 / Evaluation of the completeness of data in the information system on live births of immigrants and brazilians in the state of Paraná, 2014-2019 / Evaluación de la completitud de los datos del sistema de información sobre nacidos vivos de inmigrantes y brasileños en el estado de Paraná, 2014-2019

Avaliar a completude dos dados no SINASC do Paraná, entre 2014 a 2019, de imigrantes e brasileiros. Método: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de análise de completude dos dados de nascimento do ano de 2014 a 2019 no estado do Paraná. Foram critérios de análise: excelente (menos de 5% de incompletude); bom (5% a 10%); regular (10% a 20%); ruim (20% a 50%); e muito ruim (acima de 50%). Resultados: Foram registrados no Brasil 948.316 nascidos vivos, dos quais 935.629 eram de mães brasileiras e 12.867 de mães imigrantes de diversas nacionalidades. Dentre as variáveis, os campos incompletos de mães brasileiras somaram 50.243 (5,37%) e de imigrantes 696 (5,41%), demonstrando um bom preenchimento do banco. Conclusão: Foi possível verificar que o banco de dados SINASC mostrou-se confiável e com baixas incompletudes entre os anos de 2014 a 2019 no estado do Paraná, independente da naturalidade da mãe. Porém, dados incompletos referentes às imigrantes ainda são maiores comparados aos de mulheres brasileiras, podendo ser resultado de uma falta de capacitação dos profissionais da saúde para a comunicação com as mães imigrantes que não falam a língua nativa, não coletando os dados de forma adequada e completa.

To evaluate the completeness of data in the SINASC of Paraná, from 2014 to 2019, of immigrants and Brazilians. Method: Cross-sectional, retrospective study, of analysis of completeness of birth data from the year 2014 to 2019 in the state of Paraná. Analysis criteria were: excellent (less than 5% incompleteness); good (5% to 10%); fair (10% to 20%); bad (20% to 50%); and very bad (above 50%). Results: In Brazil, 948,316 live births were registered, of which 935,629 were from Brazilian mothers and 12,867 from immigrant mothers of various nationalities. Among the variables, the incomplete fields of Brazilian mothers totaled 50,243 (5.37%) and of immigrants 696 (5.41%), de- monstrating a good completion of the bank. Conclusion: It was possible to verify that the SINASC database proved to be reliable and with low incompleteness between the years 2014 to 2019 in the state of Paraná, regardless of the mother's naturality. However, in- complete data referring to immigrants are still higher compared to those of Brazilian wo- men, which may be the result of a lack of training of health professionals for communi- cation with immigrant mothers who do not speak the native language, not collecting the data properly and completely.

Evaluar la completitud de datos en el SINASC de Paraná, de 2014 a 2019, de inmigrantes y brasileños. Método: Estudio transversal, retrospectivo, de análisis de completitud de datos de nacimiento del año 2014 a 2019 en el estado de Paraná. Los criterios de análisis fueron: excelente (menos de 5% de incompletitud); bueno (5% a 10%); regular (10% a 20%); malo (20% a 50%); y muy malo (más de 50%). Resultados: En Brasil se registraron 948.316 nacidos vivos, de los cuales 935.629 eran de madres brasileñas y 12.867 de madres inmigrantes de diversas nacionalidades. Dentre as variá- veis, os campos incompletos de mães brasileiras somaram 50.243 (5,37%) e de imigrantes 696 (5,41%), demonstrando um bom preenchimento do banco. Conclusão: Foi possível verificar que o banco de dados SINASC mostrou-se confiável e com baixa incompletudes entre os anos de 2014 a 2019 no estado do Paraná, independentemente da naturalidade da mãe. Sin embargo, los datos incompletos referidos a las inmigrantes siguen siendo más altos en comparación con los de las mujeres brasileñas, lo que puede ser el resultado de la falta de formación de los profesionales de la salud para la comunicación con las madres inmigrantes que no hablan el idioma nativo, no recogiendo los datos de forma adecuada y completa.

Caracterização das notificações de violência contra mulheres em um município do interior do Paraná, 2015 a 2019 / Characterization of the notifications of violence against women in a municipality in the interior of Paraná, 2015 to 2019 / Caracterización de las notificaciones de violencia contra las mujeres en un municipio del interior de Paraná, 2015 a 2019

Introdução: A violência contra a mulher, comumente chamada de violência doméstica, é um problema global de saúde pública. Manifesta-se por meio de abusos físicos, psíquicos, sexuais, morais e patrimoniais. No Brasil, a Lei n.°10.778/2003, estabelece a notificação compulsória, em todo o território nacional, no caso de violência contra a mulher atendida em serviços de saúde públicos ou privados, mediante o preenchimento da Ficha de Notificação Compulsória do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Objetivo: Caracterizar as notificações de violência contra mulheres em um município do interior do Paraná. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo com abordagem quantitativa realizado em um município do interior do Paraná a partir da coleta de dados da vigilância epidemiológica de Violência Interpessoal e Autoprovocada (VIVA), do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre 2015 e 2019. Resultados: Foram realizadas 1.531 notificações, sendo a maioria das vítimas mulheres adultas, brancas, com ensino médio completo, sem qualquer tipo de deficiência ou transtorno mental, e algumas gestantes. Predominou a violência física, por meio de espancamento; ocorrida majoritariamente no período noturno; na residência da vítima e tendo como agressor o parceiro íntimo. A principal causa apontada foi o sexismo. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciaram baixa notificação dos casos de violência no município, sugerindo possíveis dificuldades por parte dos profissionais no entendimento e preenchimento da Ficha de Notificação.

Introduction: Violence against women, commonly called domestic violence, is a global public health problem. It manifests itself through physical, psychological, sexual, moral and property abuse. In Brazil, Law No. 10,778/2003 establishes compulsory notification, throughout the national territory, in the case of violence against women assisted in public or private health services, by completing the Compulsory Notification Form of the Information on Notifiable Diseases (SINAN). Objective: To characterize reports of violence against women in a city in the interior of Paraná. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach carried out in a municipality in the interior of Paraná from the collection of data from the epidemiological surveillance of Interpersonal and Self-Inflicted Violence (VIVA), from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2015 and 2019 Results: 1,531 notifications were made, the majority of victims being adult women, white, with complete secondary education, without any type of disability or mental disorder, and some pregnant women. Physical violence predominated, through beating; occurred mostly at night; at the victim's residence and having the intimate partner as the aggressor. The main cause identified was sexism. Conclusion: The results showed low notification of cases of violence in the municipality, suggesting possible difficulties on the part of professionals in understanding and completing the Notification Form.

Introducción: La violencia contra la mujer, comúnmente llamada violencia doméstica, es un problema de salud pública mundial. Se manifiesta a través del maltrato físico, psicológico, sexual, moral y patrimonial. En Brasil, la Ley nº 10.778/2003 establece la notificación obligatoria, en todo el territorio nacional, en caso de violencia contra la mujer atendida en servicios de salud públicos o privados, mediante el llenado del Formulario de Notificación Obligatoria de la Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN). Objetivo: Caracterizar las denuncias de violencia contra la mujer en una ciudad del interior de Paraná. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal con abordaje cuantitativo realizado en un municipio del interior de Paraná a partir de la recolección de datos de la vigilancia epidemiológica de la Violencia Interpersonal y Autoinfligida (VIVA), del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN) entre 2015 y 2019 Resultados: Se realizaron 1.531 notificaciones, siendo la mayoría de las víctimas mujeres adultas, de raza blanca, con estudios secundarios completos, sin ningún tipo de discapacidad o trastorno mental, y algunas embarazadas. Predominó la violencia física, mediante golpes; ocurrida mayoritariamente por la noche; en el domicilio de la víctima y teniendo como agresor a la pareja sentimental. La principal causa identificada fue el sexismo. Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron baja notificación de casos de violencia en el municipio, sugiriendo posibles dificultades por parte de los profesionales en la comprensión y cumplimentación del Formulario de Notificación.

Estudo descritivo de casos notificados de febre maculosa em São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais entre 2007 e 2016 / Descriptive study of reported cases of spotted fever in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais between 2007 and 2016

Resumo Introdução A febre maculosa é uma doença infecciosa aguda causada por bactérias do gênero Rickettsia e transmitida por carrapatos que pode levar à hospitalização e, eventualmente, a óbito por causa de quadros mais graves. Objetivo O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever o cenário epidemiológico da doença nas três unidades federativas de maior número de notificações e óbitos pela doença no Brasil entre 2007 e 2016. Método Estudo epidemiológico descritivo com base nos dados das fichas de investigação para a doença, sendo analisados dados demográficos, geográficos, ambientais e de hospitalização, diagnóstico e desfecho dos casos na área de estudo. Resultados Foram confirmados 953 casos da doença, em sua maioria por critérios laboratoriais, sendo observada maior prevalência entre homens com idade média de 35 anos, pouco relacionados ao ambiente de trabalho, mas amplamente relacionados ao meio urbano. Do total de casos confirmados, 64% pacientes afirmaram ter tido algum contato com carrapato, assim como com cães (36%), capivaras (20%) e equinos (19%). Conclusão Existem questionamentos a respeito da doença que não foram elucidados neste artigo, entretanto abordagens criativas, validadas e ancoradas na associação de áreas de conhecimento distintas poderão dar bons resultados se objetivamente aplicadas em ações estratégicas da gestão da saúde.

Abstract Background Spotted fever is an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria of the genus Rickettsia and transmitted by ticks, which can lead to hospitalization and, eventually, death due to more severe conditions. Objective The purpose of this article was to describe the epidemiological scenario of the disease in the three federal states with the highest number of notifications and deaths due to the disease in Brazil between 2007 and 2016. Method A descriptive epidemiological study was carried out based on data from the investigation forms for the disease, with data being analyzed on demographic, geographic, environmental, and hospitalization, diagnosis, and outcome of cases in the study area. Results 953 cases of the disease were confirmed, mostly by laboratory criteria, with a higher prevalence being observed among men with an average age of 35 years, little related to the work environment, but largely related to the urban environment. Of the total confirmed cases, 64% of patients said that they had had some contact with ticks, as well as with dogs (36%), capybaras (20%), and horses (19%). Conclusion We believe that there are questions about the disease that were not elucidated in this article, however, creative approaches, validated and anchored in the association of different areas of knowledge can give good results if objectively applied in strategic health management actions.

Measles epidemiological surveillance system before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pernambuco, Brazil, 2018-2022: a descriptive evaluation / Sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica del sarampión antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en Pernambuco, en 2018-2022: evaluación descriptiva / Sistema de vigilância epidemiológica do sarampo antes e durante a pandemia de covid-19 em Pernambuco, em 2018-2022: avaliação descritiva

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the measles epidemiological surveillance system, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pernambuco, Brazil. Methods: This was a descriptive evaluation of the quality (duplicity; completeness; consistency), timeliness and usefulness attributed, classified as excellent ≥ 90.0%, regular ≥ 70.0% and < 90.0%, and poor (< 70.0%). Data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System and Laboratory Environment Management System were used, before (03/11/2018-03/10/2020) and during (03/11/2020-03/10/2022) the pandemic. Results: 1,548 suspected measles cases were registered (1,469 before and 79 during the pandemic). In the two periods studied, there were 11 and 1 duplicate records, average completeness in filling out the variables was 99.2% and 95.7%, while average consistency was 96.7% and 97.5%, respectively. Timeliness (receipt of samples, 16.2% and 33.0%. Release of results, 1.3% and 1.3%) and usefulness (43.5% and 24.4%) were poor. Conclusion: Quality was classified as excellent in the periods studied, timeliness and usefulness were classified as poor, signaling non-compliance with the purpose of the system.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el sistema de vigilancia epidemiológica del sarampión, antes y durante la pandemia de covid-19 en Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Evaluación descriptiva de los atributos calidad (duplicidad; exhaustividad; consistencia), oportunidad y utilidad, clasificados en óptimo ≥ 90,0%, regular ≥ 70,0% y < 90,0%, y malo (< 70,0%). Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria y Sistema de Gestión Ambiental de Laboratorio, antes (11/03/2018-10/03/2020) y durante la pandemia (11/03/2020-10/03/2022). Resultados: Se registraron 1.548 casos sospechosos de sarampión (1.469 antes y 79 durante la pandemia). En dos períodos estudiados hubo duplicidad de 11 y 1 registros, completitud en llenado de variables - medias de 99,2% y 95,7% - y consistencia - medias de 96,7% y 97,5% -, respectivamente. La puntualidad - recepción de muestra, 16,2% y 33,0%. Publicación de resultados, 1,3% y 1,3% - y utilidad - 43,5% y 24,4% - fueron malas. Conclusión: La calidad fue calificada como óptima pero la oportunidad y la utilidad, como malas, indicando incumplimiento del propósito del sistema.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de vigilância epidemiológica do sarampo, antes e durante a pandemia de covid-19, Pernambuco, Brasil. Métodos: Avaliação descritiva dos atributos de qualidade (duplicidade; completude; consistência), oportunidade e utilidade, considerados ótimos quando ≥ 90,0%, regulares quando ≥ 70,0% e < 90,0%, e ruins quando < 70,0. Foram utilizados dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e do Sistema Gerenciador de Ambiente Laboratorial, antes (11/3/2018-10/3/2020) e durante a pandemia (11/3/2020-10/3/2022). Resultados: 1.548 casos registrados suspeitos de sarampo (1.469 antes; 79 durante a pandemia). Nos dois períodos estudados, houve duplicidade de 11 e 1 registros, completude no preenchimento das variáveis - médias, 99,2% e 95,7% - e consistência - médias, 96,7% e 97,5% -, respectivamente. A oportunidade - recebimento da amostra, 16,2% e 33,0%; liberação de resultados, 1,3% e 1,3% - e a utilidade - 43,5% e 24,4% - mostraram-se ruins. Conclusão: A qualidade do sistema classificou-se como ótima, mas sua oportunidade e utilidade, ruins, sinalizando descumprimento de sua finalidade.

Factors associated with neonatal near miss in a Midwest capital in Brazil / Fatores associados ao near miss neonatal em uma capital do Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract Objectives: to estimate neonatal near miss rates and investigate sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and neonate factors residing in a Midwest capital city. Methods: observational cohort study of live births from Cuiabá in the period of 2015 to 2018, with data from the Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos (Mortality and Live Birth Information Systems). The neonatal near miss rate was calculated according to sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and neonate variables. Logistic regression model was adjusted to analyze the factors associated with neonatal near miss. Results: the neonatal near miss rate was 22.8 per thousand live births and the variables showed an association with the outcome were: maternal age 35 years or older (OR=1.53; CI95%=1.17-2.00), having fewer than six prenatal consultations (OR=2.43; CI95%=2.08-2.86), non-cephalic fetal presentation (OR=3.09; CI95%=2.44-3.92), multiple pregnancy (OR=3.30; CI95%=2.57- 4.23), no live birth (OR=1.62; CI95%=1.34-1.96) or one live birth (OR=1.22; CI95%=1.00-1.48), delivery in public/university hospital (OR=2.16; CI95%=1.73-2.71) and philanthropic hospital (OR=1.51; CI95%=1.19-1.91) and non-induced labor (OR=1.50; CI95%=1.25-1.80). Conclusion: the neonatal near miss rate was 3.04 cases for each death, and neonatal near miss was influenced by maternal characteristics, obstetric history, type of birth hospital, and delivery care organization.

Resumo Objetivos: estimar as taxas de near miss neonatal e investigar os fatores sociodemográficos, obstétricos, do parto e dos neonatos residentes em uma capital do Centro-Oeste. Métodos: estudo observacional de coorte de nascidos vivos de Cuiabá no período de 2015 a 2018, com dados dos Sistemas de Informações sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos. Foi calculada a taxa de near miss neonatal conforme as variáveis sociodemográficas, obstétricas, do parto e dos neonatos. Modelo de regressão logística foi ajustado para analisar os fatores associados ao near miss neonatal. Resultados: a taxa de near miss neonatal foi 22,8 por mil nascidos vivos e as variáveis que apresentaram associação com o desfecho foram: idade materna de 35 anos ou mais (OR=1,53; IC95%=1,17-2,00), realizar menos de seis consultas de pré-natal (OR=2,43; IC95%=2,08-2,86), apresentação fetal não cefálica (OR=3,09; IC95%=2,44-3,92), gravidez múltipla (OR=3,30; IC95%=2,57-4,23), nenhum filho nascido vivo (OR=1,62; IC=1,34-1,96) ouum filho nascido vivo (OR=1,22; IC95%=1,00-1,48), parto em hospital público/universitário (OR=2,16; IC95%=1,73-2,71) e filantrópico (OR=1,51; IC95%=1,19-1,91)e trabalho de parto não induzido (OR=1,50; IC95%=1,25-1,80). Conclusão: a taxa de near miss neonatal foi de 3,04 casos para cada óbito, sendo que o near miss neonatal foi influenciado pelas características maternas, histórico obstétrico, tipo do hospital do nascimento e organização da assistência ao parto.

Suicídio no Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana, 1996-2020: análise temporal / Suicidio en Espírito Santo y su Región Serrana, 1996-2020: análisis temporal / Suicide in Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region, 1996-2020: temporal analysis

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no estado do Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana no período de 1996 a 2020. Métodos Estudo descritivo e analítico de série temporal com dados consolidados dos óbitos por suicídio na população acima de 15 anos de idade obtidos no Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. As unidades de análise foram o estado do Espírito Santo e sua Região Serrana. A análise da tendência foi verificada pela regressão de Prais-Winsten e pelo cálculo da variação percentual anual. Resultados Foram notificados 3.922 óbitos por suicídio no Espírito Santo e, destes, 525 na Região Serrana. A tendência da mortalidade por suicídio no estado foi crescente na população geral acima de 15 anos (APC= 5,1; IC95%= 0,28-9,92; p=0,039). A tendência da mortalidade se manteve crescente entre a população feminina, tanto em relação ao estado (APC= 6;5; IC95%= 1,55-14,46; p=0,012) como na região serrana (APC= 15,2; IC95%= 1,21-29,20; p=0,035). A mortalidade foi crescente na faixa etária de 30 a 59 anos no estado (APC= 3,4; IC95%= 0,62-6,10; p=0,018) e na Região Serrana (APC= 2,9; IC95%= 2,02-3,86; p <0,001). Conclusão A tendência foi crescente na população geral do estado do Espírito Santo e em sua Região Serrana entre adultos jovens e do sexo feminino. A relevância da violência autoprovocada verificada nas taxas analisadas neste estudo aponta para a necessidade do emprego de estratégias preventivas, especialmente entre as mulheres.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio en el estado de Espírito Santo y en su Región Serrana en el período de 1996 a 2020. Métodos Estudio descriptivo y analítico de serie temporal con datos consolidados de las muertes por suicidio en la población mayor de 15 años obtenidos del Sistema de Información sobre Mortalidad. Las unidades de análisis fueron el estado de Espírito Santo y su Región Serrana. El análisis de la tendencia se verificó por regresión de Prais-Winsten y por cálculo de la variación porcentual anual. Resultados Se notificaron 3.922 muertes por suicidio en Espírito Santo, de las cuales 525 fueron en la Región Serrana. La tendencia de la mortalidad por suicidio en el estado fue creciente en la población general mayor de 15 años (APC= 5,1; IC95 %= 0,28-9,92; p=0,039). La tendencia de la mortalidad se mantuvo creciente en la población femenina, tanto con relación al estado (APC= 6;5; IC95 %= 1,55-14,46; p=0,012) como en la Región Serrana (APC= 15,2; IC95 %= 1,21-29,20; p=0,035). La mortalidad fue creciente en el grupo de edad de 30 a 59 años en el estado (APC= 3,4; IC95 %= 0,62-6,10; p=0,018) y en la Región Serrana (APC= 2,9; IC95 %= 2,02-3,86; p <0,001). Conclusión La tendencia fue creciente en la población general del estado de Espírito Santo y en su Región Serrana en adultos jóvenes y de sexo femenino. La relevancia de la violencia autoprovocada verificada en los índices analizados en este estudio indica la necesidad de emplear estrategias preventivas, específicamente en mujeres.

Abstract Objective To analyze the trend of suicide mortality in the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region from 1996 to 2020. Methods Descriptive and analytical time series study with consolidated data on deaths by suicide in the population over 15 years old obtained from the Mortality Information System. The units of analysis were the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region. The trend analysis was verified by Prais-Winsten regression and by calculating the annual percentage change. Results A total of 3922 deaths by suicide were reported in Espirito Santo and of these, 525 in the mountain Region. The trend of suicide mortality in the state was increasing in the general population over 15 years old (APC= 5.1; 95%CI= 0.28-9.92; p=0.039). The mortality rate continued to grow among the female population, both in relation to the state (APC= 6.5; 95%CI= 1.55-14.46; p=0.012) and in the mountain region (APC= 15.2; 95%CI= 1.21-29.20; p=0.035). Mortality increased in the age group from 30 to 59 years old in the state (APC= 3.4; 95%CI= 0.62-6.10; p=0.018) and in the Mountain Region (APC= 2.9; 95%CI= 2.02-3.86; p<0.001). Conclusion The suicide trend was growing in the general population of the state of Espirito Santo and its Mountain Region among young and female adults. The relevance of self-inflicted violence verified in the rates analyzed in this study points to the need to use preventive strategies, especially among women.

The Effect of Community Health Information System on Health Care Services Utilization in Rural Ethiopia

BACKGROUND: The Health Extension Program (HEP) was introduced in 2003 to extend primary health care services by institutionalizing the former volunteer-based village health services. However, this program is not comprehensively evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 2019 comprehensive national assessment of HEP involved (1) assessment through quantitative and qualitative primary data, (2) a thorough systematic review of the HEP literature, and (3) a synthesis of evidence from the two sources. The assessment included household survey(n=7122), a survey of health extension workers (HEWs) (n=584) _, and an assessment of health posts (HPs)(n=343) and their supervising health centers (HCs)(n=179) from 62 randomly selected woredas. As part of the comprehensive assessment. OUTPUT AND RESULTS: The outputs were (a) full and abridged reports, (b) 40 posters, (c) seven published, three under review scientific papers and (d) seven papers in this special issue. During the one-year period preceding the study, 54.8% of women, 32.1% of men, and 21.9% of female youths had at least a one-time interaction with HEWs. HPs and HEWs were universally available. There were critical gaps in the skills and motivation of HEWs and fulfillment of HP standards: 57.3% of HEWs were certified, average satisfaction score of HEWs was 48.6%, and 5.4% of HPs fulfilled equipment standards. CONCLUSIONS: The findings informed policy and program decisions of the Ministry of Health, including the design of the HEP Optimization Roadmap 2020­2035 and the development Health Sector Transformation Plan II. It is also shared with global community through published papers.

The Quality of Logistics Management Information System and the Availability of Tracer Drugs at Health Posts in Rural Ethiopia: A Mixed-Method Study

BACKGROUND: Proper implementation of the logistics management information system (LMIS) would facilitate access to essential pharmaceutical products. It also prevents wastage at health posts. The aim of this study was to assess the implementation of the LMIS and the availability of tracer drugs at health posts in rural Ethiopia. METHODS: We employed a cross-sectional descriptive design with a mixed-method approach. The data used for this paper was collected from March to May 2019 as part of the National HEP assessment. The study involved 343 health posts randomly selected from nine regions of Ethiopia. Women's Development Army members and household heads participated in the qualitative study (i.e. in FGD and KII). The quantitative data were exported from Open Data Kit (ODK) to Stata 15.1 for statistical analysis, and the qualitative data were entered into NVivo 12 and analyzed using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Of the health posts, 59.4% had a space for storing drugs; less than half (41.9%; 95% confidence interval (CI) [36%, 48%]) had a functioning refrigerator. The mean percentage of the availability of selected tracer drugs at health posts was 59.6%, with a 95% CI (58.9%, 60.3%). Bin cards were available at 43% (95% CI [40%, 46%]) of health posts, and among these, only 27.5% of the health posts adequately used the bin cards. CONCLUSION: The absence and poor use of LMIS tools was observed at health posts. Proper implementation of the LMIS has the potential to improve the availability of essential drugs that, in turn, improve health post level delivery of health services.

Application of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the application effect of intelligent information system of transfusion reactions(referred to as the system) in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions. 【Methods】 A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of a total of 67 914 blood transfusion patients in our hospital from January 2018 to August 2023. The patients were divided into the control group (n =36 367, with conventional transfusion management) and the observation group (n =31 547, with management by the system).The incidence of adverse reactions, the supervision and management scores, reporting time and processing time of adverse reactions, and patient satisfaction with blood transfusion in the two groups was observed. 【Results】 The incidence of transfusion reactions in the observation group and the control group was 0.23% (72/31 547) and 0.24% (86/36 367), with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The quality scores of the reporting, registration, processing and supervision, and the total scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group:(21.46±2.76) vs (17.38±2.74) points, (21.65±2.80) vs (16.98±3.20) points, (22.30±2.42) vs (18.80±3.15) points, (22.85±2.10) vs (18.55 ± 3.06) points, and (90.38±5.96) vs (75.26 ± 6.10) points, with statistically significant difference(P<0.05). The reporting time and processing time of transfusion reactions in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group: (3.26±0.45) vs (7.25±1.26) minutes, (10.38±2.96) vs (20.26±2.10) minutes, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The satisfaction rate with blood transfusion of the observation group was 99.95% (31 532/31 547), higher than 99.62% (36 229/36 367) of the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 The application of the system in the supervision and management of transfusion reactions has achieved ideal results, including improving the quality of monitoring and management, shortening the reporting and processing time of transfusion reactions, and improving patient satisfaction with transfusion, which is worth popularizing.

Iodine nutrition level and its spatial distribution in key populations in Hubei Province in 2020 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the iodine nutrition level and its spatial distribution status in key populations in Hubei Province, so as to provide a basis for adjustment of iodine supplementation policy and the realization of scientific and accurate iodine supplementation.Methods:In 2020, a sampling was carried out in Hubei Province according to the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Plan (2016 Edition)" to monitor the concentration of salt iodine and urinary iodine of key populations (children ages 8 - 10 years old and pregnant women). The spatial distribution of iodine nutrition levels was analyzed by spatial epidemiology.Results:The median salt iodine of 17 263 children's family salt samples was 25.0 mg/kg, and the median urinary iodine (MUI) was 217.0 μg/L. There was significant spatial aggregation in the distribution of urinary iodine level in children at the county level ( Moran's Index = 0.36, P < 0.001). The significant hot spot areas with high urinary iodine level among children were located in Shiyan City and Xiangyang City, while the significant cold spot areas with low urinary iodine level were mainly concentrated in Yichang City. The median salt iodine of 8 618 pregnant women's family salt samples was 25.1 mg/kg, the MUI was 176.3 μg/L. The urinary iodine level among pregnant women at the county level was spatially clustered ( Moran's Index = 0.22, P = 0.003) . The significant hot spot areas with high urinary iodine level among pregnant women were mainly in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, the significant cold spot areas were mainly concentrated in Yichang City. Conclusions:In 2020, the iodine nutrition of children in Hubei Province is at a super appropriate level (200 - 299 μg/L), and the iodine nutrition status of pregnant women is more sensitive, which is close to the lower limit of the appropriate level (150 μg/L). The urinary iodine level of children and pregnant women has significant spatial aggregation at the county level. Targeted intervention will be needed in counties (dictricts) where the urinary iodine level is lower or higher than the normal range, to achieve accurate and scientific iodine supplementation.